As a work of German Romanticism, Carl Maria von Weber's opera "Der Freischutz" is a unique piece that stands out among its classical counterparts. Even though the opera was written in the early 19th century, it is still popular today and is considered one of the classics of German opera.
Despite being a product of the Romantic era, Der Freischutz retains many of the characteristics of the classical operas that preceded it. The opera is structured into an overture, arias, duets, ensembles, and choruses, which are typical of the classical opera. However, Der Freischutz also exhibits qualities that distinguish it from classical repertoire, such as the use of folk melodies and the supernatural themes that take center stage in the plot.
Weber’s incorporation of folk elements is evident in the use of hunting horns in the overture and several other parts of the opera, which creates a clear association with Germanic folklore. Another aspect of Der Freischutz is the use of chorales, which also evoke religious and folk traditions. Moreover, the utilization of spoken dialogue instead of the recitative favored by Mozart and Haydn before him positions Der Freischutz outside the realm of the classical opera tradition.
At its core, however, Der Freischutz shares some common themes found in classical works. The themes of love, betrayal, honor, and the struggle between good and evil are at the forefront of Weber's opera, just as they were fundamental to works like Don Giovanni and The Magic Flute from fellow composers Mozart and Beethoven respectively.
Webber's focus on the supernatural gives Der Freischutz its identifiable flavor. The woods play a significant role in the opera, and the story takes place in their milieu. It is here that the spirits dwell, and Max seeks their aid to win Agathe, his intended bride, and survive his inevitable shooting contest. In this respect, Der Freischutz embraces the Romantic emphasis on nature and the supernatural, which adds a mystique unknown to classical opera.
In conclusion, Der Freischutz is an opera that straddles both the classical and romantic opera traditions by incorporating both folk elements and compelling themes. The opera retains many hallmarks of classical repertoire whilst also treading ground previously occupied by its contemporaries. Despite this incorporation of novelty, Der Freischutz remains deeply rooted in tradition, making it a classic opera worthy of admiration and appreciation today.